Archive V4.0Reports Archive:
Reports Archive:
Research & Analysis
A comprehensive collection of technical reports, security analyses, and in-depth research. Exploring the depths of digital security with a critical lens.
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Destructive Cyber Operations
17 min read
Attack Without a Hack: How a Piece of Malware Took the MahsaAlert Domain Off the Internet
Attackers created a piece of malware and registered the MahsaAlert domain as its C2 server, deceiving global security systems and causing this civil alert platform to be blocked.
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Surveillance Policy & Regulation
28 min read
How Iran’s National Information Network Works
With the internet in Iran shut down by the government of the Islamic Republic in January 2026, a familiar question resurfaced: Is the country becoming North Korea?
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Surveillance Policy & Regulation
24 min read
Policymaking and Institutional Mapping of Surveillance and Interception of Citizens under the Islamic Republic of Iran
How Centralized Authentication, Infrastructure Level Monitoring and Interception, Spyware Operations, and Street Level Surveillance Have Converged into a Unified System for Controlling, Suppressing, and Intercepting Citizens
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Technology Supply Chains
28 min read
Jamming in Iran: The Business of Disruption and the Defense Contractor Network
Examining the Role of Ofogh Saberin Co in Iranian Ministry of Defense Jamming Projects and the Export of Digital Repression Technologies
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Destructive Cyber Operations
6 min read
Charming Kitten (APT35) Modular Windows Trojan
Persistent Access and Covert Command and Control within the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Surveillance and Interception Architecture
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Destructive Cyber Operations
4 min read
RAT-2Ac2: A Report on a State-Aligned Remote Access Tool
Examining the Organizational Logic, Operational Architecture, and the Role of a Modular RAT in Charming Kitten’s Covert Digital Surveillance
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Digital Censorship & Repression
11 min read
Protection Bill 2025: The Birth of a New Extra-Legal Process for Filtering and Censorship in IRIB
Bill on Supporting and Addressing Violations in the Field of Pervasive Audio and Video in Cyberspace (Internet) in Iranian Parliament
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Digital Censorship & Repression
4 min read
Collision in Orbit
The Islamic Republic’s Legal and Technical Case Against Starlink at the UN
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Surveillance Policy & Regulation
13 min read
Surveillance, Interception and Censorship in UN Human Rights report on Iran
The UN Special Rapporteur on human rights warned of internet shutdowns, systematic censorship, arbitrary surveillance and online and offline repression of Iranian activists and citizens.
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Destructive Cyber Operations
10 min read
Say Cheeeese!
An Android spyware called Aks-e Yadegari (Souvenir Photo) is spreading through Telegram, targeting Iranian cryptocurrency exchanges.
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